Theory X vs Theory Y

Overview:

The theory X and theory Y are theories of human motivation created and designed by Douglas McGregor at the MIT Sloan School of Management. They have been used in human resource management, organization behaviour, organizational communication and organization development. Theory X and Theory Y have to do with the perceptions managers hold on their employees, not the way they generally behave. It is attitude not attributes. Both of these theories begin with the premise that management's role is to assemble the factors of production, including people, for the economic benefit of the firm.

Theory X:


According to this theory, employees will show little ambition without an enticing incentive program and will avoid responsibility whenever they can.The Theory X manager tends to believe that everything must end in blaming someone. He or she thinks all prospective employees are only out for themselves. A Theory X manager believes that his or her employees do not really want to work, that they would rather avoid responsibility and that it is the manager's job to structure the work and energize the employee.


Theory Y:

In this theory, management assumes employees may be ambitious and self-motivated and exercise self-control. It is believed that employees enjoy their mental and physical work duties.Given the proper conditions, theory Y managers believe that employees will learn to seek out and accept responsibility and to exercise self-control and self-direction in accomplishing objectives to which they are committed. 

A Theory Y manager believes that, given the right conditions, most people will want to do well at work. They believe that the satisfaction of doing a good job is a strong motivation.

Theory X and Theory Y in brief:

Conclusion:

 

We cannot say that theory X is better or Theory Y is better. It depends on the organization to organization. For some organization Theory X suits better and for some theory Y suits better. For McGregor, Theory X and Y are not different ends of the same continuum. Rather they are two different continua in themselves.

Intel Incorporate - Sponsors of Tomorrow

Introduction

Intel Corporation is an American multinational semiconductor chip maker corporation headquartered in Santa Clara, California, United States. Intel is the world’s largest and highest valued semiconductor chip maker, based on revenue. Intel Corporation was founded on July 18, 1968. Intel also makes motherboard chipsets, network, controllers, integrated circuits, flash memory, graphic chips and embedded processors and other. Founded by semiconductor pioneers Robert Noyce and Gorder Moore and widely associated with the executive leadership and vision of Andrew Growe.

History

Intel was founded in Mountain View, California in 1968 by Gordon E Moore, Rober Noyce, Arthur Rock, Moore and Noyce came from Fairchil Semiconductor and were Intel's first two employees. Rock was not an employee, but he was an investor and Chariman of the Board. The total initial investment in Intel was $2.5 million convertible debentures and $10,000 from Rock. Just 2 years later, Intel completed their Initial Public Offering (IPO), raising $6.8 million. Intel's third employee was Andy Grove who later ran the company through much of the 1980s and the high-growth 1990s.

Moore and Noyce initially wanted to name the company "Moore Noyce".The name, however, was a partial homophone for "more noise" – an ill-suited name for an electronics company, since noise in the electronics is usually very undesirable and typically associated with bad interference. Instead they used the name NM Electronics for almost a year, before deciding to call their company Integrated Electronics or "Intel" for short. Since "Intel" was already trademarked by the hotel chain Intelco, they had to buy the rights for the name.

Vision

This decade we will create and extend computing technology to connect and enrich the lives of every person on earth.

Mission

Delight our customers, employees, and shareholders by relentlessly delivering the platform and technology advancements that become essential to the way we work and live. 

Awards

Intel and its employees have been recognized for a number of corporate initiatives and charitable endeavors. In the past year, it had received over 80 recognitions for their innovation, CSR activity and contribution to the world. And while winning awards is certainly not the motivation behind these efforts, the recognition is always appreciated. The following is a listing of some of the recent awards Intel has received.

a. Dow Jones Sustainability 

  In September 2010, Intel was included in the Dow Jones Sustainability World and North           American indexes for the eleventh consecutive year.

The Dow Jones Sustainability Indexes (DJSI) launched in 1999, are a family of indexes evaluating the sustainability performance of the largest 2,500 companies listed on the Dow Jones. They are the longest-running global sustainability benchmarks worldwide and have become the key reference point in sustainability investing for investors and companies.

b. Newsweek’s 2010 Green Rankings

Intel was ranked number 5 in Newsweek’s 2010 Green Rankings of the largest 500 companies in the U.S., published in October 2010.

       c.  100 Most Sustainable Corporations

Intel was named for the sixth year in a row to the list of the "100 Most Sustainable Corporations in the World" in this annual ranking published by Corporate Knights in January 2010.

d.   Fortune magazine’s "100 Best Places to Work

                                           

     In January 2010, Intel was named to Fortune magazine’s "100 Best Places to Work For" list.

e.  Corporate Responsibility magazine's 100 Best Corporate Citizens List 

    In March 2010 Intel was again included on CR magaazine list of 100 Best corporate 
Citizens and was rankes second overall Intel is one of only three companis to have been on the list since its inception eleven years ago

                                           

Products

      a.      Motherboards

    Intel is pioneer in the hardware industry. It has leading market in the motherboards market. It has numerous    number of motherboard present. Motheboards list varies from Celeron, Pentium I, Pentium II, Pentium III. Newest series of Intel includes I3, I5 and I7

     

     

                                             

     a.      Smartphone

                                                    

Intel has entered into the smartphone market with the motto having its impact in this industry too. It has the motto that the only thing more amazing than our technology is that you will do with it. The first smartphone that it has launched is Lava based on Androd Gingerbread. Its cost in market is aroung Rs 22000.

     b.     Processor

                                                     

There is no competitor of Intel when it comes down to Intel. Intel 4004 is its first single – chip microprocessor. Its most successful processor is Pentium IV based on the NetBurst microarchitecture

Acquisition

     1.  Intel acquired McAfee in the year 2010. McAfee is the manufacturer of computer security technology. The deal was of $7.68 billion and the companies. In 2011, the European Union approved the acquisition, after Intel agreed to provide rival security firms with all necessary information that would allow their products to use Intel's chips and personal computers.^[ After the acquisition, Intel had about 90,000 employees, including about 12,000 software engineers.

    2. In the year 2011, Intel acquired Infineon’s wireless solutions business. Intel has started using Infineon’s technology in laptops, smart phones, net books, tablets and embedded computers in consumer products

During the last few years, Intel also acquired Fulcrum Microsystems, Telmap and ASML holding. 

Expansion

Intel will build a new microprocessor factory at Chander, which is expected to be completed in 2013, at a cost of $5 billion. It will accommodate 4,000 employees.

In april 2011, Intel began a pilot project with ZTE Corporatation to produce smartphones using the Intel Atom processor for China's domestic market.

In December 2011: Intel announced that it reorganized several of its business units to form a new mobile and communications group. This group will be responsible for the company's smartphone and tablet.

Revenue By Geography

The revenue of intel is maximum in the Asia-Pacific followed by America, Europe and Japan. Due to the R & D done by Intel and launch of many products, the profit of Intel is rising continuously. In year 2010 it was close to 10 % which has rises to 14%

The main reason for this is that Intel is adapting itself with the change in the market and innovating itself continuously.

Corporate Social Responsibility

1. Intel is innovating continuously for the benefit of the mankind. What all latest technology that we are seeing    today, the major credit of that goes to Intel as well. Intel has totally revolutionized the technology completely. It has come up with the super-fast processor and chips. Also latest entry of Intel is in smart phone business. Intel is backing on its hardware producing capability to have its impact in the mobile business

Advertising and brand management

Intel has become one of the world's most recognizable computer brands following its long-running Intel Inside Campaign . It’s being heard in close to 130 countries. The Intel swirl logo was the work of DahlinSmithWhite.

The Intel Inside advertising campaign sought public brand loyalty and awareness of Intel processors in consumer computers. Intel paid some of the advertiser's costs for an ad that used the Intel Inside logo and jingle.

In 2008, Intel planned to shift the emphasis of its Intel Inside campaign from traditional media such as television and print to newer. 

Competition

In the 1980s, Intel was among the top ten sellers of semiconductor in the world. In 1991, Intel became the biggest chip maker by revenue and has held the position ever since. Other top semiconductor companies include TSMC, Advanced Mirco Devices, Samsung, Texas Instruments, Toshiba and   STMicroelectronics .

Competitors in PC chip sets include AMD,  and Nvidia. Intel's competitors in networking include Freescale, Infineon, Broadcom, Marevell Technology Group and AMCC, and competitors in flash memory include Sapnsion, Samsung, Toshiba, STMicroelectronics, and Hyniz.

The only major competitor the processor market is Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), with which Intel has had full cross-licensing agreements since 1976: each partner can use the other's patented technological innovations without charge after a certain time. However, the cross-licensing agreement is canceled in the event of an AMD bankruptcy or takeover.

Intel’s competitors

a.      AMD

                               

The main competitor of Intel is AMD which gives Intel neck to neck fight in the processor segment. Also there was several lawsuit involving both Intel and AMD. AMD files the lawsuit against Intel in 2005 and results of which Intel Agree to pay AMD a hefty amount of $ 1.25 billion.

b.     Nvidia

                               

Nvidia is giving Intel tremendous competition in the chipset segment. It has the excellent of nForce chipset which has been awarded several times for their quality

c.      Samsung

Samsung is the leading chipset maker currently for mobile and pc. Intel has the fear from Samsung in both the categories one is the chipset market and other is the Smartphone market in which Samsung is the world leader. Since Intel has come into the Smartphone market, it has to stand tall and has to come out with some unique feature.

Market Share

Intel still enjoys the biggest market share in both the overall worldwide PC microprocessor market and the mobile PC microprocessor.